1
Stage 1 of 3
pot-au-feu
French · 1800s
"a beef and vegetable stew"
literally "pot on the fire", a French beef and vegetable stew
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Stage 2 of 3
pho
Vietnamese · 1900s
"a beef noodle soup"
adapted during French colonial rule into a beef noodle soup
3
Stage 3 of 3
pho
English · 1900s-2000s
"a Vietnamese noodle soup"
adopted as Vietnamese cuisine spread internationally
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