1
Stage 1 of 3
pain de mie
French · 1800s
"soft white bread"
literally "crumb bread", a soft white loaf introduced during French colonization
2
Stage 2 of 3
banh mi
Vietnamese · 1900s
"bread; a Vietnamese sandwich"
adapted the French loaf into a distinctive Vietnamese sandwich
3
Stage 3 of 3
banh mi
English · 2000s
"a Vietnamese sandwich on a baguette"
adopted as Vietnamese cuisine spread internationally
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