1
Stage 1 of 4
dhyana
Sanskrit · ancient
"meditation"
meaning "meditation"
2
Stage 2 of 4
chan
Chinese · medieval
"meditation, a school of Buddhism"
adopted through the spread of Buddhism into China
3
Stage 3 of 4
zen
Japanese · medieval
"a school of Buddhist meditation"
adopted through the spread of Buddhism from China to Japan
4
Stage 4 of 4
zen
English · 1900s
"a state of calm attentiveness; a form of Buddhism"
adopted as Zen Buddhism became known in the West
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