1
Stage 1 of 3
jahada
Arabic · medieval
"to strive, to struggle"
meant "he strove, he exerted effort"
2
Stage 2 of 3
jihad
Arabic · medieval
"religious struggle or duty"
literally "struggle, effort," usually translated as "holy war"
3
Stage 3 of 3
jihad
English · 1852
"struggle or campaign for a cause"
entered English initially for religious war, later broadened figuratively to any zealous campaign
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