barchan

Where does the word "barchan" come from? It comes from Kazakh barqan, passing through Russian before entering English (1890s).

Barchan’s story begins in Kazakh: barqan meant “crescent dune.” The local name for the moving crescent dunes of the Central Asian deserts. By 1881, the word had taken hold in Russian as barkhan. The naturalist Alexander von Middendorf introduced it as a scientific term in 1881, from dunes he studied in Turkestan. It reached English by 1890s as barchan. Taken into international geology; barchans have since been photographed on Mars. Today, barchan means a crescent-shaped sand dune with its horns pointing downwind.

1. Stage 1 · Kazakh · 1800s barqan "crescent dune", the local name for the moving crescent dunes of the Central Asian deserts.
2. Stage 2 · Russian · 1881 barkhan "crescent dune", the naturalist Alexander von Middendorf introduced it as a scientific term in 1881, from dunes he studied in Turkestan.
3. Stage 3 · English · 1890s barchan "crescent dune", taken into international geology; barchans have since been photographed on Mars.