1
Stage 1 of 4
al-kharshūf
Arabic · medieval
"artichoke"
the Arabic name for the cultivated thistle
2
Stage 2 of 4
alcarchofa
Old Spanish · medieval
"artichoke"
adopted after Arab agriculture introduced the plant to Iberia
3
Stage 3 of 4
articiocco
Northern Italian · 1400s-1500s
"artichoke"
reshaped by folk association with "ciocco" (a stump)
4
Stage 4 of 4
artichoke
English · 1500s
"the edible thistle vegetable"
further reshaped by association with "choke"
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